{ "cells": [ { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "# 使用 Anaconda" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "[Anaconda](http://www.continuum.io/downloads)是一个很好用的Python IDE，它集成了很多科学计算需要使用的**python**第三方工具包。" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "## conda 的使用 " ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "根据自己的操作系统安装好[Anaconda](http://www.continuum.io/downloads)后，在命令行下输入：\n", "\n", " conda list\n", "\n", "可以看已经安装好的**python**第三方工具包，这里我们使用 `magic` 命令 `%%cmd` 在 `ipython cell` 中来执行这个命令：" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 1, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "name": "stdout", "output_type": "stream", "text": [ "# packages in environment at C:\\Users\\root\\anaconda3\\envs\\py_36:\n", "#\n", "# Name Version Build Channel\n", "absl-py 0.12.0 pypi_0 pypi\n", "anyio 3.6.2 pypi_0 pypi\n", "appdirs 1.4.4 pypi_0 pypi\n", "argon2-cffi 20.1.0 py38h2bbff1b_1 defaults\n", "async_generator 1.10 pyhd3eb1b0_0 defaults\n", "attrs 20.3.0 pyhd3eb1b0_0 defaults\n", "babel 2.11.0 pypi_0 pypi\n", "backcall 0.2.0 pyhd3eb1b0_0 defaults\n", "blas 1.0 mkl defaults\n", "bleach 3.3.0 pyhd3eb1b0_0 defaults\n", "ca-certificates 2024.3.11 haa95532_0 defaults\n", "cachetools 4.2.2 pypi_0 pypi\n", "certifi 2024.6.2 py38haa95532_0 defaults\n", "cffi 1.14.5 py38hcd4344a_0 defaults\n", "chardet 4.0.0 pypi_0 pypi\n", "click 8.0.4 pypi_0 pypi\n", "colorama 0.4.4 pyhd3eb1b0_0 defaults\n", "contextvars 2.4 pypi_0 pypi\n", "cudatoolkit 11.0.221 h74a9793_0 defaults\n", "cycler 0.10.0 py38_0 defaults\n", "dataclasses 0.8 pyh6d0b6a4_7 defaults\n", "decorator 5.0.6 pyhd3eb1b0_0 defaults\n", "defusedxml 0.7.1 pyhd3eb1b0_0 defaults\n", "docker-pycreds 0.4.0 pypi_0 pypi\n", "easydict 1.9 pypi_0 pypi\n", "entrypoints 0.3 py38_0 defaults\n", "filelock 3.15.4 pypi_0 pypi\n", "freetype 2.10.4 hd328e21_0 defaults\n", "fsspec 2024.6.1 pypi_0 pypi\n", "gitdb 4.0.9 pypi_0 pypi\n", "gitpython 3.1.18 pypi_0 pypi\n", "google-auth 1.30.0 pypi_0 pypi\n", "google-auth-oauthlib 0.4.4 pypi_0 pypi\n", "grpcio 1.38.0 pypi_0 pypi\n", "icc_rt 2019.0.0 h0cc432a_1 defaults\n", "icu 58.2 ha925a31_3 defaults\n", "idna 2.10 pypi_0 pypi\n", "immutables 0.19 pypi_0 pypi\n", "importlib-metadata 3.10.0 py38haa95532_0 defaults\n", "importlib_metadata 3.10.0 hd3eb1b0_0 defaults\n", "intel-openmp 2021.4.0 pypi_0 pypi\n", "ipykernel 5.3.4 py38h5ca1d4c_0 defaults\n", "ipython 7.16.3 pypi_0 pypi\n", "ipython_genutils 0.2.0 pyhd3eb1b0_1 defaults\n", "ipywidgets 7.6.3 pypi_0 pypi\n", "jedi 0.17.0 py38_0 defaults\n", "jinja2 2.11.3 pyhd3eb1b0_0 defaults\n", "joblib 1.0.1 pyhd3eb1b0_0 defaults\n", "jpeg 9b hb83a4c4_2 defaults\n", "json5 0.9.16 pypi_0 pypi\n", "jsonschema 3.2.0 py_2 defaults\n", "jupyter 1.0.0 pypi_0 pypi\n", "jupyter-console 6.4.0 pypi_0 pypi\n", "jupyter-contrib-core 0.3.3 pypi_0 pypi\n", "jupyter-contrib-nbextensions 0.5.1 pypi_0 pypi\n", "jupyter-core 4.9.2 pypi_0 pypi\n", "jupyter-highlight-selected-word 0.2.0 pypi_0 pypi\n", "jupyter-latex-envs 1.4.6 pypi_0 pypi\n", "jupyter-nbextensions-configurator 0.4.1 pypi_0 pypi\n", "jupyter-server 1.13.1 pypi_0 pypi\n", "jupyter_client 6.1.12 pyhd3eb1b0_0 defaults\n", "jupyter_core 4.7.1 py38haa95532_0 defaults\n", "jupyterlab 3.2.9 pypi_0 pypi\n", "jupyterlab-server 2.10.3 pypi_0 pypi\n", "jupyterlab-widgets 1.0.0 pypi_0 pypi\n", "jupyterlab_pygments 0.1.2 py_0 defaults\n", "jupyterlab_widgets 1.1.1 pyhd8ed1ab_0 conda-forge\n", "kiwisolver 1.3.1 py38hd77b12b_0 defaults\n", "libpng 1.6.37 h2a8f88b_0 defaults\n", "libsodium 1.0.18 h62dcd97_0 defaults\n", "libtiff 4.1.0 h56a325e_1 defaults\n", "libuv 1.40.0 he774522_0 defaults\n", "lxml 4.6.3 pypi_0 pypi\n", "lz4-c 1.9.3 h2bbff1b_0 defaults\n", "m2w64-gcc-libgfortran 5.3.0 6 defaults\n", "m2w64-gcc-libs 5.3.0 7 defaults\n", "m2w64-gcc-libs-core 5.3.0 7 defaults\n", "m2w64-gmp 6.1.0 2 defaults\n", "m2w64-libwinpthread-git 5.0.0.4634.697f757 2 defaults\n", "markdown 3.3.4 pypi_0 pypi\n", "markupsafe 1.1.1 py38he774522_0 defaults\n", "matplotlib 3.3.4 py38haa95532_0 defaults\n", "matplotlib-base 3.3.4 py38h49ac443_0 defaults\n", "matplotlib-inline 0.1.6 py38haa95532_0 defaults\n", "mistune 0.8.4 py38he774522_1000 defaults\n", "mkl 2021.4.0 pypi_0 pypi\n", "mkl-service 2.3.0 py38h196d8e1_0 defaults\n", "mkl_fft 1.3.0 py38h46781fe_0 defaults\n", "mkl_random 1.1.1 py38h47e9c7a_0 defaults\n", "mpmath 1.3.0 pypi_0 pypi\n", "msys2-conda-epoch 20160418 1 defaults\n", "nb_conda 2.2.1 py38_1 defaults\n", "nb_conda_kernels 2.3.1 py38haa95532_0 defaults\n", "nbclassic 0.3.5 pypi_0 pypi\n", "nbclient 0.5.3 pyhd3eb1b0_0 defaults\n", "nbconvert 5.6.1 py38_0 defaults\n", "nbformat 5.1.3 pyhd3eb1b0_0 defaults\n", "nest-asyncio 1.5.1 pyhd3eb1b0_0 defaults\n", "networkx 3.1 pypi_0 pypi\n", "ninja 1.10.2 h6d14046_1 defaults\n", "notebook 6.3.0 py38haa95532_0 defaults\n", "numpy 1.18.5 pypi_0 pypi\n", "oauthlib 3.1.0 pypi_0 pypi\n", "olefile 0.46 pyhd3eb1b0_0 defaults\n", "opencv-python 4.8.1.78 pypi_0 pypi\n", "openssl 1.1.1w h2bbff1b_0 defaults\n", "packaging 20.9 pyhd3eb1b0_0 defaults\n", "pandas 1.1.5 py38hf11a4ad_0 defaults\n", "pandoc 2.12 haa95532_0 defaults\n", "pandocfilters 1.4.3 py38haa95532_1 defaults\n", "parso 0.8.2 pyhd3eb1b0_0 defaults\n", "pathtools 0.1.2 pypi_0 pypi\n", "peewee 3.14.4 py38h91b5285_0 conda-forge\n", "pickleshare 0.7.5 pyhd3eb1b0_1003 defaults\n", "pillow 8.2.0 py38h4fa10fc_0 defaults\n", "pip 21.3.1 pypi_0 pypi\n", "prometheus_client 0.10.1 pyhd3eb1b0_0 defaults\n", "prompt-toolkit 3.0.17 pyh06a4308_0 defaults\n", "protobuf 3.19.6 pypi_0 pypi\n", "psutil 6.0.0 pypi_0 pypi\n", "py-cpuinfo 9.0.0 pypi_0 pypi\n", "pyasn1 0.4.8 pypi_0 pypi\n", "pyasn1-modules 0.2.8 pypi_0 pypi\n", "pycparser 2.20 py_2 defaults\n", "pygments 2.8.1 pyhd3eb1b0_0 defaults\n", "pyparsing 2.4.7 pyhd3eb1b0_0 defaults\n", "pyqt 5.9.2 py38ha925a31_4 anaconda\n", "pyqt5 5.15.6 pypi_0 pypi\n", "pyqt5-qt5 5.15.2 pypi_0 pypi\n", "pyqt5-sip 12.9.1 pypi_0 pypi\n", "pyrsistent 0.17.3 py38he774522_0 defaults\n", "python 3.8.0 hff0d562_2 defaults\n", "python-dateutil 2.8.1 pyhd3eb1b0_0 defaults\n", "python_abi 3.8 2_cp38 conda-forge\n", "pytz 2021.1 pyhd3eb1b0_0 defaults\n", "pywin32 227 py38he774522_1 defaults\n", "pywinpty 0.5.7 py38_0 defaults\n", "pyyaml 5.4.1 pypi_0 pypi\n", "pyzmq 20.0.0 py38hd77b12b_1 defaults\n", "qt 5.9.7 vc14h73c81de_0 defaults\n", "qtconsole 5.1.0 pypi_0 pypi\n", "qtpy 1.9.0 pypi_0 pypi\n", "requests 2.25.1 pypi_0 pypi\n", "requests-oauthlib 1.3.0 pypi_0 pypi\n", "rsa 4.7.2 pypi_0 pypi\n", "scikit-learn 0.24.1 py38hf11a4ad_0 defaults\n", "scipy 1.5.2 py38h14eb087_0 defaults\n", "seaborn 0.11.2 pyhd3eb1b0_0 defaults\n", "send2trash 1.5.0 pyhd3eb1b0_1 defaults\n", "sentry-sdk 2.6.0 pypi_0 pypi\n", "setproctitle 1.2.3 pypi_0 pypi\n", "setuptools 52.0.0 py38haa95532_1 defaults\n", "sip 4.19.8 py38ha925a31_0 defaults\n", "six 1.15.0 pyhd3eb1b0_0 defaults\n", "smmap 5.0.0 pypi_0 pypi\n", "sniffio 1.2.0 pypi_0 pypi\n", "sqlite 3.35.4 h2bbff1b_0 defaults\n", "sympy 1.12.1 pypi_0 pypi\n", "tbb 2021.13.0 pypi_0 pypi\n", "tensorboard 2.5.0 pypi_0 pypi\n", "tensorboard-data-server 0.6.1 pypi_0 pypi\n", "tensorboard-plugin-wit 1.8.0 pypi_0 pypi\n", "terminado 0.9.4 py38haa95532_0 defaults\n", "testpath 0.4.4 pyhd3eb1b0_0 defaults\n", "threadpoolctl 2.1.0 pyh5ca1d4c_0 defaults\n", "tk 8.6.10 he774522_0 defaults\n", "torch 2.3.1 pypi_0 pypi\n", "torchaudio 0.7.2 py38 pytorch\n", "torchvision 0.18.1 pypi_0 pypi\n", "tornado 6.1 py38h2bbff1b_0 defaults\n", "tqdm 4.66.4 pypi_0 pypi\n", "traitlets 4.3.3 py38haa95532_0 defaults\n", "typing-extensions 4.12.2 pypi_0 pypi\n", "ultralytics 8.2.48 pypi_0 pypi\n", "ultralytics-thop 2.0.0 pypi_0 pypi\n", "urllib3 1.26.19 pypi_0 pypi\n", "vc 14.2 h21ff451_1 defaults\n", "vs2015_runtime 14.27.29016 h5e58377_2 defaults\n", "wandb 0.15.12 pypi_0 pypi\n", "wcwidth 0.2.5 py_0 defaults\n", "webencodings 0.5.1 py38_1 defaults\n", "websocket-client 1.3.1 pypi_0 pypi\n", "werkzeug 2.0.1 pypi_0 pypi\n", "wheel 0.36.2 pyhd3eb1b0_0 defaults\n", "widgetsnbextension 3.5.1 pypi_0 pypi\n", "wincertstore 0.2 py38haa95532_2 defaults\n", "winpty 0.4.3 4 defaults\n", "xlrd 2.0.1 pyhd3eb1b0_0 defaults\n", "xz 5.2.5 h62dcd97_0 defaults\n", "zeromq 4.3.3 ha925a31_3 defaults\n", "zipp 3.4.1 pyhd3eb1b0_0 defaults\n", "zlib 1.2.11 h62dcd97_4 defaults\n", "zstd 1.4.9 h19a0ad4_0 defaults\n" ] } ], "source": [ "!conda list" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "第一次安装好 [Anaconda](http://www.continuum.io/downloads) 以后，可以在命令行输入以下命令使 [Anaconda](http://www.continuum.io/downloads) 保持最新：\n", "\n", " conda update conda\n", " conda update anaconda\n", "\n", "conda 是一种很强大的工具，具体用法可以参照它的[文档](http://conda.pydata.org/docs/)。\n", "\n", "也可以参考它的 [cheat sheet](http://conda.pydata.org/docs/_downloads/conda-cheatsheet.pdf) 来快速查看它的用法。\n", "\n", "可以使用它来安装，更新，卸载第三方的 **python** 工具包：\n", "\n", " conda install \n", " conda update \n", " conda remove \n", "\n", "在安装或更新时可以指定安装的版本号，例如需要使用 `numpy 1.8.1`：\n", "\n", " conda install numpy=1.8.1\n", " conda update numpy=1.8.1\n", "\n", "查看 `conda` 的信息：\n", "\n", " conda info" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 1, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "name": "stdout", "output_type": "stream", "text": [ "\n", " active environment : py_36\n", " active env location : C:\\Users\\root\\anaconda3\\envs\\py_36\n", " shell level : 2\n", " user config file : C:\\Users\\root\\.condarc\n", " populated config files : C:\\Users\\root\\.condarc\n", " conda version : 24.11.3\n", " conda-build version : 24.1.2\n", " python version : 3.11.7.final.0\n", " solver : libmamba (default)\n", " virtual packages : __archspec=1=skylake\n", " __conda=24.11.3=0\n", " __cuda=12.6=0\n", " __win=0=0\n", " base environment : C:\\Users\\root\\anaconda3 (writable)\n", " conda av data dir : C:\\Users\\root\\anaconda3\\etc\\conda\n", " conda av metadata url : None\n", " channel URLs : https://repo.anaconda.com/pkgs/main/win-64\n", " https://repo.anaconda.com/pkgs/main/noarch\n", " https://repo.anaconda.com/pkgs/r/win-64\n", " https://repo.anaconda.com/pkgs/r/noarch\n", " https://repo.anaconda.com/pkgs/msys2/win-64\n", " https://repo.anaconda.com/pkgs/msys2/noarch\n", " https://conda.anaconda.org/conda-forge/win-64\n", " https://conda.anaconda.org/conda-forge/noarch\n", " package cache : C:\\Users\\root\\anaconda3\\pkgs\n", " C:\\Users\\root\\.conda\\pkgs\n", " C:\\Users\\root\\AppData\\Local\\conda\\conda\\pkgs\n", " envs directories : C:\\Users\\root\\anaconda3\\envs\n", " C:\\Users\\root\\.conda\\envs\n", " C:\\Users\\root\\AppData\\Local\\conda\\conda\\envs\n", " platform : win-64\n", " user-agent : conda/24.11.3 requests/2.31.0 CPython/3.11.7 Windows/10 Windows/10.0.19045 solver/libmamba conda-libmamba-solver/24.1.0 libmambapy/1.5.6 aau/0.4.3 c/_aIUD6VIf3niRBA9UCUBkQ s/dcsaQF-QbU1Mynw9IAKSGw e/Rb2t_RWcnwWw900KZVCmHQ\n", " administrator : False\n", " netrc file : C:\\Users\\root/.netrc\n", " offline mode : False\n", "\n" ] } ], "source": [ "!conda info" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "一个很棒的功能是 `conda` 可以产生一个自定义的环境，假设在安装的是 **Python 2.7** 的情况下，想使用 **Python 3.4**，只需要在命令行下使用 `conda` 产生一个新的环境：\n", "\n", " conda create -n py34 python=3.4\n", "\n", "这里这个环境被命名为 `py34` ，可以根据喜好将 `py34` 改成其他的名字。\n", "\n", "使用这个环境时，只需要命令行下输入：\n", "\n", "``` python\n", "activate py34 #(windows)\n", "source activate py34 #(linux, mac)\n", "```\n", "\n", "此时，我们的 **Python** 版本便是 **`python 3.4`**了。" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "## spyder 编辑器" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "`Anaconda` 默认使用的编辑器是 `spyder`，可以在命令行下输入：\n", "\n", " spyder\n", "\n", "来进入这个编辑器，具体使用方法不做介绍。" ] } ], "metadata": { "kernelspec": { "display_name": "Python 3", "language": "python", "name": "python3" }, "language_info": { "codemirror_mode": { "name": "ipython", "version": 3 }, "file_extension": ".py", "mimetype": "text/x-python", "name": "python", "nbconvert_exporter": "python", "pygments_lexer": "ipython3", "version": "3.8.0" }, "toc": { "base_numbering": 1, "nav_menu": {}, "number_sections": true, "sideBar": true, "skip_h1_title": false, "title_cell": "Table of Contents", "title_sidebar": "Contents", "toc_cell": false, "toc_position": {}, "toc_section_display": true, "toc_window_display": true } }, "nbformat": 4, "nbformat_minor": 1 }